基于VMD与时间序列分析的滚动轴承故障特征提取方法

为了在非线性、非平稳的滚动轴承故障振动信号中有效提取出敏感的故障特征,提出了基于变分模态分解(VMD)与时间序列分析相结合的特征提取方法。首先通过VMD将原始信号分解为不同预设尺度的本征模态分量(IMF),对各个IMF分量建立时间序列预测模型,通过叠加重构得到最终的预测模型,比较评价指标确定最优参数的选取。最后,通过仿真信号与滚动轴承实际故障数据分析,并与经验模式分解(EMD)进行对比,结果表明该方法能够有效的提取到故障特征频率。     

Unconstrained Hand Dorsal Veins Image Database and Recognition System

Hand veins can be used effectively in biometric recognition since they are internal organs that, in contrast to fingerprints, are robust under external environment effects such as dirt and paper cuts. Moreover, they form a complex rich shape that is unique, even in identical twins, and allows a high degree of freedom. However, most currently employed hand-based biometric systems rely on hand-touch devices to capture images with the desired quality. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, most hand-based biometric systems have become undesirable due to their possible impact on the spread of the pandemic. Consequently, new contactless hand-based biometric recognition systems and databases are desired to keep up with the rising hygiene awareness. One contribution of this research is the creation of a database for hand dorsal veins images obtained contact-free with a variation in capturing distance and rotation angle. This database consists of 1548 images collected from 86 participants whose ages ranged from 19 to 84 years. For the other research contribution, a novel geometrical feature extraction method has been developed based on the Curvelet Transform. This method is useful for extracting robust rotation invariance features from vein images. The database attributes and the veins recognition results are analyzed to demonstrate their efficacy.     

Me-TODGA与TODGA萃取锶性能对比

以N,N,N′,N′-四辛基-2-甲基-3-氧戊二酰胺(Me-TODGA)或N,N,N′,N′-四辛基-3-氧戊二酰胺(TODGA)为萃取剂、磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为相改良剂、煤油为稀释剂，对比研究了水相酸度、萃取剂浓度、锶浓度、温度对Me-TODGA-TBP体系和TODGA-TBP体系萃取Sr²⁺的影响，并采用斜率法确定了萃合物的组成。结果表明，2种酰胺荚醚萃取Sr²⁺的分配比(D_Sr)随HNO₃浓度(c(HNO₃)=0.1～2.7 mol/L)、萃取剂浓度(c(萃取剂)=0.05～0.3 mol/L)的增加而增大，随Sr²⁺浓度的升高略有下降，随温度的升高而下降。2种萃取剂的萃合物组成分别为Sr(NO₃)2•3Me-TODGA和Sr(NO₃)2•2TODGA。萃取反应的ΔH分别为-69.46 kJ/mol和-51.39 kJ/mol，ΔS分别为-190.5 J/(mol•K)和-128.4 J/(mol•K)，ΔG分别为-12.68 kJ/mol和-13.12 kJ/mol。相比之下，Me-TODGA萃取Sr²⁺的分配比不到TODGA的1/5。     

浊点萃取在锕系和镧系元素分离分析中的应用

浊点萃取（cloud point extraction, CPE）是一种安全环保同时兼具高富集系数和低成本的萃取方法，在分析化学中已经被广泛应用于金属离子分析等领域。锕系和镧系金属元素存在环境复杂，自身浓度相对较低，对其进行分离和分析一直是放射化学研究者所关注的问题。经过条件优化，CPE能够有选择性地分离和富集锕系和镧系金属元素。通过与多种技术联用，CPE能实现锕系和镧系元素的高灵敏度分析。本文在介绍浊点萃取机理的基础上，着重描述了不同萃取体系中各类萃取剂（β-二酮类、膦氧类、含氮类、含硫类）对于锕系和镧系元素的萃取效果，全面总结了其中使用的不同联用技术，同时简述了通过构筑超分子识别位点，修饰配体，使用不同表面活性剂及掩蔽剂等改良现有浊点萃取体系的尝试。最后，对浊点萃取在放射化学领域的应用进行了总结和展望。     

离子液体-有机溶剂复合技术处理含油污泥的研究

采用离子液体辅助溶剂萃取法处理胜利油田的含油污泥，回收原油，考察了不同溶剂、剂油比、温度、反应时间、离心机转速等条件对油和沥青质脱附效率的影响。结果表明：最佳的实验条件为在正庚烷+离子液体[Emim][BF4]溶剂体系中，剂油比50/3，温度50 ℃，反应时间20 min，离心机转速2 000 r/min；在此条件下，含油污泥中油的回收率高达90.5%，沥青质的回收率为83.1%；正庚烷和离子液体可以回收重复使用，正庚烷的一次和二次回收率分别为89.2%和74.2%；离子液体几乎没有损失，一次和二次回收率分别高达98.6%和95.4%；使用二次回收的正庚烷和离子液体为溶剂时油和沥青质的回收率分别达到85.1%和78.4%。在此基础上，探讨了含油污泥脱附过程的作用机理。离子液体-有机溶剂复合技术显著提高了油泥萃取的油回收率，对油泥的无害化和资源化工业生产具有重要的参考价值。     

基于NB分类器重访概率预测的Web缓存替换策略

Web缓存是用来解决网络访问延迟和网络拥塞问题，缓存替换策略直接影响缓存的命中率。为此，提出一种朴素贝叶斯（NB）分类器重访概率预测的Web缓存替换策略；根据用户之前访问日志，通过分区操作提取多项特征来表示每次访问的对象，并构建特征数据集；训练NB分类器，用来确定缓存中对象被再次访问的概率，为对象分配权重；结合LRU策略来合理删除一些对象。仿真结果表明，提出的策略在保证较高命中率的同时有效降低了执行时间。     

Hydrodistillation condition adjustment for different material particle sizes: a method to increase batch‐to‐batch quality consistency

Varying material particle sizes represent a common contributing factor to the batch‐to‐batch variation of extraction yields. To increase the batch‐to‐batch quality consistency of extracts, a method was proposed to adjust the extraction conditions for different material particle sizes, taking the hydrodistillation extraction process of Radix Curcumae and Fructus Gardeniae as a case study. Statistical models were built for five sesquiterpenes including curcumenone, curcumenol, curdione, curzerenone and furanodienone, to quantitatively describe the effects of particle size and process parameters on their extraction yields. An increase in sodium chloride concentration remarkably increased the yields of curcumenone and curcumenol, and a larger solvent‐to‐solid ratio increased the yields of five sesquiterpenes. Under the adjusted process parameters for two different particle sizes, the yield for each compound was controlled to fall in the 90–110% target range. The proposed method can be applied to various extraction processes of foods and herbal medicines.     

Enzymatic extraction of fucoxanthin from brown seaweeds

Brown seaweeds contain a number of bioactive compounds. The xanthophyll, fucoxanthin, has in vivo efficacy against disorders such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and cancer. Organic solvents are traditionally employed to extract fucoxanthin, but carry a toxic chemical and environmental burden. The aim of this study was to optimise a fucoxanthin extraction method using enzymes, water, low‐temperature dehydration and mechanical blending, to produce yields comparable to those achieved with an organic solvent (acetone). Response surface methodology was applied, using Fucus vesiculosus as a model species. A fucoxanthin yield of 0.657 mg g^?1 (dry mass) was obtained from F. vesiculosus blade using the enzymatic method, equivalent to 94% of the acetone‐extracted yield. Optimum extraction parameters were determined to be enzyme‐to‐water ratio 0.52%, seaweed‐to‐water ratio 5.37% and enzyme incubation time 3.05 h. These findings may be applied to the development of value‐added nutraceutical products from seaweed.